Protocols change between editions.
Agencies reissue their protocol books, and what changed is rarely easy to see. We lined up 140 dated books from 46 agencies, edition by edition, and quoted what appeared or disappeared from the page it was found on.
Chest tube / finger thoracostomy was not in the September 2022 book. It is in the May 2024 one.
Same agency, same statewide document, 5 dated editions of it. The May 2024 edition names it on page 144; the September 2022 edition does not name it anywhere.
Finger Thoracostomy only approved for Paramedic level if the following criteria are met: ... Tube Thoracostomy only approved for Paramedic level if the following criteria are met:
Nebraska Board of Emergency Medical Services, May 2024 edition, page 144
This is not a word-count guess. Before we published it, we found the quote above again on the page it cites. That check is what “verified” means on this page. Confirmed by hand against the source PDF: the 2024 edition's page 144 is headed “THORACOSTOMY (Revised 5/7/2024)” — the agency dating its own change — and the term appears nowhere in the 2022 edition.
- 110
- changes published, each re-read on the page it was cited from
- 84
- things a later edition added
- 26
- things a later edition stopped naming
- 1,097
- candidate changes the guards threw out
Start with the last number. Comparing two PDFs throws up mostly false alarms: a chapter moved, a term our reader missed, one edition twice as long as the other. We threw out 1,097 candidates to publish 110. Another 55 passed the checks but were never re-read against the page, so they are leads and are not shown. ${unchanged ? `${n(unchanged)} edition pairs showed no difference at all, which is also a result.` : ''}
The ledger
Grouped by agency, in the order the changes happened, so you can answer “what did my system change?” Every row names the two editions, the page, and what that page says.
Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Acetaminophen Medication added | F. Acetaminophen (if available) 15mg/kg up to 650mg may be given for fever if: 1, 2, and 3: 1. Patient is at least 3 months old. 2. Temperature > 38° C or 100.4° F (ambulances are required to have a non- tympanic, digital thermometer). 3. Patient has not had apage 8, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Amiodarone Medication added | 11. May repeat one additional dose of amiodarone, 150 mg IV/IO, after 10 minutes.page 29, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Atropine Medication added | b. If bradycardia, consider atropine 1 mg IV/IO, if indicatedpage 17, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Dextrose Medication added | Check blood glucose. If ≤60, 10% Dextrose 25 g IV/ IO (250 mL) [Peds: Dextrose 10% 5 mL/kg IV/ IO]page 44, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Diazepam Medication added | diazePAM 5-10 mg IV/ IO (0.1 mg/kg) titrated slowly maximum 10 mg/ dose (5 mg pediatrics) may repeat every 5 minutes until maximum 0.3 mg/kg totalpage 46, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Diphenhydramine Medication added | For mild reactions, IV access is not necessary. May provide diphenhydrAMINE, 1 mg/kg to maximum of 50 mg orally (if tablets/capsules/elixir available). ... May repeat diphenhydrAMINE dose up to 50 mg total. ... IV route is preferred. diphenhydrAMINE (Benadryl)page 61, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Etomidate Medication added | CONTACT MEDICAL COMMAND IF REQUIRED Etomidate, 0.3 mg/kg IV/IO single dose (maximum 30 mg)page 55, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Fentanyl Medication added | ALSO MAY ADD fentaNYL 1 mcg/kg IV/IO maximum 100 mcg/ dose may repeat ½ dose every 5 minutes until maximum of 300 mcgpage 46, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Glucagon Medication added | Glucagon, if available, (1-2 mg IV repeated every 5 minutes to 10 mg total) may be ordered if patient is taking ß-blocker and hypotension does not resolve with NSS bolus and EPINEPHrine.page 61, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Stopped naming Hemostatic dressing / wound packing Procedure dropped | EMS services may carry approved hemostatic agents for use by appropriately trained EMS providers if the agency complies with the following additional requirementspage 106, December 2023 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Intraosseous access Procedure added | When IV access is indicated but not obtainable in a timely manner, intraosseous access is an acceptable alternative. An IO access may be initiated on any critically ill patient requiring IV fluids or medications.page 7, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Ketamine Medication added | Ketamine, 2 mg/kg IV/IO May repeat once, if inadequatepage 55, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Lidocaine Medication added | In conscious patients, lidocaine (2%, adults = 20-40 mg 0.5 mg/kg (max 40mg) peds = 0.5 mg/kg) 2% Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg up to 40mg maximum dose,should be administered prior to infusing medications or fluids through an IO to reduce the pain of infusions.page 7, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Lorazepam Medication added | LORazepam 1-2 mg IV/ IO (0.1 mg/kg) titrated slowly maximum 2 mg/ dose may repeat every 5 minutes until maximum of 4 mg totalpage 46, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Manual defibrillation Procedure added | ALS providers should switch to manual defibrillator as soon as possible. ... Shock at maximum output of defibrillator, up to maximum of 360 joules, for initial and subsequent defibrillation attempts.page 28, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Methylprednisolone Medication added | Agency medical directors may choose the maximum dose (40-125mg) of methylPREDNISolone for their agency based on the concentrations available on hand.page 61, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Midazolam Medication added | Midazolam 1-5 mg IV/ IO (0.05 mg/kg) titrated slowly maximum 5 mg/ dose (2 mg pediatrics) may repeat every 5 minutes until maximum of 0.1 mg/kg totalpage 46, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Nasogastric / orogastric tube Procedure added | May place orogastric tube, if available, to decompress stomach.page 35, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Needle chest decompression Procedure added | If tension pneumothorax suspected, perform needle decompressionpage 26, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Norepinephrine Medication added | Norepinephrine infusion 0.05-0.5mcg/kg/minute. If utilizing norepinephrine, an infusion pump is necessary.page 46, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Pelvic binder Procedure added | Consider pelvic binder (if available) for suspected pelvis fracture with hypotension 11page 99, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Rapid / delayed sequence intubation Procedure added | 1. Drug assisted airway management per ALS Protocol 4002. All conditions in the protocol must be met by the agency to participate with this protocol.page 8, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Sodium Bicarbonate Medication added | If hyperkalemia suspected in dialysis patient or PEA with wide QRS complex, administer: Calcium Cl (10%)10 mL IV/IO (if available) Sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg IV/IOpage 26, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Surgical cricothyrotomy Procedure added | Attempt Transtracheal Jet Insufflation/Cricothyrotomy (if available) ... CONTACT MEDICAL COMMANDpage 23, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Synchronized cardioversion Procedure added | Cardiovert or Pacing per Tachycardia/ Bradycardia Protocols #5021A, 5022A, or 5023Apage 15, March 2024 edition |
| December 2023 → March 2024 | Added Transcutaneous pacing Procedure added | For symptomatic high-degree (second-degree or third-degree) AV block, begin pacing without delay.page 82, March 2024 edition |
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS)
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added 12-lead ECG acquisition and transmission Procedure added | If applicable, obtain 12-lead ECG (Per MCA selection, may be a BLS or Specialist procedure) see 12 Lead ECG-Procedure Protocol.page 1, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Atropine Medication added | F. Non prepackaged kit administration: Administer 600 mg pralidoxime and 2 mg of atropine for every one (1) NA Antidote Kit.(ALS only)page 42, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Dextrose Medication dropped | B. Not alert – administer dextrose according to MI MEDIC or table belowpage 9, January 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Diphenhydramine Medication added | Consider diphenhydramine when previous medications have been ineffective or are contraindicated. a. Adult: 12.5-25 mg IV/IM. Maximum dose 25 mg. b. Pediatric (>2 years of age AND > 12 kg): 1.0 mg/kg IV. Maximum dose 25 mg.page 4, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Endotracheal intubation Procedure dropped | d. Per MCA selection, consider intubation per Airway Management- Procedure Protocolpage 8, January 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Glucagon Medication dropped | Per MCA selection, if unable to start IV, administer glucagon IM/IN (if available per MCA selection) according to MI-MEDIC, (may be EMT skill per MCA selection). If MI MEDIC is unavailable follow dosing as below.page 10, January 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Hydrocortisone Medication added | Contact Medical Control for all adrenal crisis patients prior to treatment: ... 2. Assist with administration of patient’s own hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu- Cortef) a. Adult: 100 mg IV/IM b. Pediatric: 1-2 mg/kg IV/IMpage 12, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Hydroxocobalamin Medication added | Administer antidote: a. Cyanokit® (5g. adult IV/IO; 70 mg/kg pediatric IV/IO) per Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit®)-Medication Protocol (preferred, per MCA Selection)page 54, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Ipratropium Medication added | If wheezing and/or airway constriction continues, administer nebulized albuterol 2.5 mg/3 ml NS nebulized and ipratropium 500 mcg/2.5 mL NS per Medication Administration-Medication Protocolpage 9, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Magnesium Sulfate Medication dropped | Administer magnesium sulfate 4 gm over 10 minutes IV/IO until seizure stops.page 5, January 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Naloxone Medication added | b. Per MCA Selection (below), administer naloxone intranasal May repeat one time in 3-5 minutes if effective respirations not restored. ... c. Administer naloxone IM, IN or slowly IV, titrating to restore effective respirations.page 14, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Obstetric delivery maneuvers Procedure dropped | If delivery fails to progress after head delivers, quickly attempt the following: i. Hyperflex mother’s hips to severe supine knee-chest position (i.e., McRoberts’ maneuver). ii. Apply firm suprapubic pressure to attempt to dislodge shoulder. This often requirpage 4, January 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Ondansetron Medication added | For patients > 30 kg (adult and pediatric) that are not actively vomiting, administer ondansetron (i.e., Zofran) 4mg ODT (availability and licensure level per MCA selection) one time. ... Administer ondansetron IV/IM if ODT not already administered or if patiepage 3, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Added Pralidoxime Medication added | F. Non prepackaged kit administration: Administer 600 mg pralidoxime and 2 mg of atropine for every one (1) NA Antidote Kit.(ALS only)page 42, May 2023 edition |
| January 2023 → May 2023 | Stopped naming Spinal motion restriction / selective clearance Procedure dropped | a. Request an ACR equipped transporting vehicle and follow Spinal Precautions-Procedure Protocolpage 22, January 2023 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added External jugular IV Procedure added | External jugular cannulation should be initiated in patients in whom access is necessary and other peripheral vascular access is not accessible or is contraindicated.page 66, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Field termination of resuscitation Procedure added | ALS Termination of Resuscitation, after 30 minutes of ALS time contact Medical Control for: i. Consideration of termination of resuscitation for Asystole in all 3 leads or PEA with a rate of less than 40.page 15, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Manual defibrillation Procedure added | F. Defibrillate patient.page 24, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Mechanical CPR device Procedure added | Assure pads are not placed under the piston of a mechanical CPR devicepage 27, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Mechanical ventilation (transport ventilator) Procedure added | Patients on agency supplied ventilator: 1. Newly vented - Ventilatory status should be established via Venous Blood Gas (VBG) in the newly intubated patient and documented when available. Continuous monitoring with the pulse oximeter and capnography will be uspage 78, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Meconium / deep tracheal suctioning Procedure added | Deep tracheal suctioning may be performed when indicated using sterile technique and suctioning only during withdrawal of catheter.page 33, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Surgical cricothyrotomy Procedure added | Needle / Surgical Cricothyroidotomy MCA Selection Requiredpage 29, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Synchronized cardioversion Procedure added | L. Recheck the “sync mode” after each synchronized cardioversion as many defibrillators default back to unsynchronized mode.page 25, March 2025 edition |
| March 2025 → March 2025 | Added Tourniquet application Procedure added | Control hemorrhage by direct pressure. (If needed, use elevation, pressure points or follow the Tourniquet Application-Procedure Protocol and/or Bleeding Control-Treatment Protocol.)page 44, March 2025 edition |
Old Dominion EMS Alliance
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added CPAP / BiPAP (non-invasive ventilation) Procedure added | Once all equipment is prepared, CPAP should be supplied to patient:page 39, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Stopped naming Dextrose Medication dropped | If BGL is < 40 mg / dL, administer Dextrose 10% 2cc / kg (0.5 g / kg) slow IV / IO push. Repeat as necessary.page 38, June 2015 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Stopped naming Diazepam Medication dropped | If midazolam is unavailable, give DIAZEPAM 0.25 mg / kg up to 5 mg slow IV.page 56, June 2015 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Intraosseous access Procedure added | PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT: 1. Assemble and prepare all equipment: a. IO device b. Cleansing agent c. Syringe for aspiration and flushing d. Fluid and administration tubing e. Materials to secure site 2. Prepare and position the patient. 3. Select a site for insepage 37, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Lidocaine Medication added | Insert Lidocaine uro-jet (if available) tip in nare determined to be used for intubation, pushing tip into nose to rear of nare and pulling out while injecting jelly solution.page 22, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Stopped naming Meconium / deep tracheal suctioning Procedure dropped | If the newborn is NOT vigorous (poor or absent respiratory effort, flaccid, lethargic), consider immediate meconium aspiration via endotracheal suctioning. Suctioning of meconium should not distract from the need for emergent oxygenation and ventilation of thepage 37, June 2015 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Nasogastric / orogastric tube Procedure added | PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT: 1. Estimate the length of the tube needed to reach the stomach by measuring the tube from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe and down to the xiphoid process. Mark the length with tape. 2. Lubricate the OG tube (16F) with water-solupage 33, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Needle chest decompression Procedure added | Once all equipment is prepared, needle thoracentesis should be performed.page 15, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Stopped naming Obstetric delivery maneuvers Procedure dropped | Keep the patient‘s knees pushed back to her abdomen / chest. ... Initially apply gently downward traction on the chest and back to try and free the shoulder.page 41, June 2015 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Physical restraint Procedure added | 7. Apply restraints. ALL restraints used by EMS will be soft restraints.page 49, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Synchronized cardioversion Procedure added | 10. Press the SYNC key. The selected energy level is displayed on the monitor. Refer to the Cardiac Care Protocols for appropriate energy settings as well as specific manufacturer settings/recommendations. ... 13. Press and hold SHOCK until energy is deliveredpage 41, May 2017 edition |
| June 2015 → May 2017 | Added Transcutaneous pacing Procedure added | PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT: 1. Remove all clothing covering the patient’s chest and dry if necessary. If the patient has excessive chest hair, shave hair to ensure proper adhesion. 2. Attach 4 - Lead ECG electrodes for monitoring during pacing. Adjust the ECG sizpage 43, May 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Acetaminophen Medication added | b. Acetaminophen 10-15 mg/kg POpage 28, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Blood Medication added | Obtain blood glucose sample.page 14, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Dextrose Medication added | b. If < 30 days, administer DEXTROSE 10% (2 mL / kg) via IV or IO. c. If DEXTROSE 10% bag unavailable: • If patient is < 30 days old, administer Dextrose 10% (2cc/kg) IV or IO, mixed as below • If patient is > 30 days old but < 8 years old, administer Dextrosepage 22, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Diphenhydramine Medication added | 4. Administer DIPHENHYDRAMINE 1 mg / kg up to 50 mg IM or IV. The IV route is preferred for the patient in severe shock. If an IV cannot be readily established, give diphenhydramine via the IM route.page 11, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Epinephrine Medication added | If epinephrine autoinjector is unavailable; give EPINEPHERINE 1:1,000 0.01 mg / kg up to 0.3 mg IM.page 12, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Fentanyl Medication added | 9. A. If significant pain, administer FENTANYL 2mcg/kg INTRANASAL (max first dose of 100 mcg) half dose in each nostril. May consider additional dose of up to 100mcg after 5 minutes if pain persists –OR-FENTANYL 1 mcg / kg IV, or IM (max single dose of 100 mcgpage 28, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Ketamine Medication added | FOR I/P LEVEL ONLY If significant pain, administer KETAMINE 0.1mg/kg IV/IM/IN up to max single dose of 15mg, with a maximum of 2 doses.page 28, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Stopped naming Nasogastric / orogastric tube Procedure dropped | PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT: 1. Estimate the length of the tube needed to reach the stomach by measuring the tube from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe and down to the xiphoid process. Mark the length with tape. 2. Lubricate the OG tube (16F) with water-solupage 33, May 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Added Ondansetron Medication added | For severe nausea or vomiting, if available, give ONDANSETRON (ZOFRAN).page 26, June 2017 edition |
| May 2017 → June 2017 | Stopped naming Synchronized cardioversion Procedure dropped | 10. Press the SYNC key. The selected energy level is displayed on the monitor. Refer to the Cardiac Care Protocols for appropriate energy settings as well as specific manufacturer settings/recommendations. ... 13. Press and hold SHOCK until energy is deliveredpage 41, May 2017 edition |
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) Bureau of Emergency Preparedness, EMS and Systems of Care
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Amiodarone Medication added | Amiodarone 5 mg/kg (max single dose 300 mg) IV/IO (May repeat twice) Do not exceed 450 mg total IV/IOpage 3, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Blood Medication added | b. Hypoglycemia – check blood glucose (may be MFR skill, see Blood Glucose Testing-Procedure Protocol)page 3, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Calcium Chloride Medication added | ii. FLUSH line with 20 mL NS between calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate administration.page 4, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Stopped naming CPAP / BiPAP (non-invasive ventilation) Procedure dropped | J. Consider CPAP (Per MCA selection, may be a BLS procedure) follow CPAP- Procedure Protocol.page 15, December 2022 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Dextrose Medication added | If blood glucose is less than 60 mg/dL administer dextrose according to MI MEDIC cards. ii. If MI-MEDIC unavailable, administer dextrose 0.5 g/kg per Pediatric Altered Mental Status.page 3, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Epinephrine Medication added | If hypotension persists after IV/IO fluid bolus, administer push dose epinephrine (diluted boluses) according to MI MEDIC cards.page 10, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Lidocaine Medication added | Lidocaine 1 mg/kg IV/IO (May repeat 0.5 mg/kg twice at 5-10 minute intervals. Maximum 3 doses totalpage 3, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Manual defibrillation Procedure added | ALS personnel should switch to manual defibrillator after initial AED defibrillation or place AED in manual mode. ... Initiate CPR or continue CPR if already in progress and apply and use AED/manual defibrillator per Electrical Therapy-Procedure Protocol as sopage 2, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Mechanical CPR device Procedure added | An FDA approved, MCA authorized mechanical CPR device operating at the manufacturers pre-set rate may be utilized.page 2, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Stopped naming Pelvic binder Procedure dropped | Blunt Trauma – Place a pelvic binder (commercial or a sheet) on all patients with blunt or blast trauma suffering traumatic arrest.page 13, December 2022 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Synchronized cardioversion Procedure added | b. Perform synchronized cardioversion, 1 J/kgpage 7, June 2023 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Stopped naming Tranexamic Acid Medication dropped | Per MCA Selection, if bleeding is uncontrolled and non-compressible, administer Tranexamic Acid (TXA)page 29, December 2022 edition |
| December 2022 → June 2023 | Added Transcutaneous pacing Procedure added | Begin transcutaneous pacing at rate up to 100 bpm per Electrical Therapy-Procedure Protocol.page 6, June 2023 edition |
Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH) Office of EMS (OEMS)
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Added Albuterol Medication added | Albuterol 2.5 mg, nebulized OR 1-2 puffs from inhaler Pediatric: 2.5 mg, nebulized OR 2-4 puffs from inhalerpage 75, January 2018 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Stopped naming Chest tube / finger thoracostomy Procedure dropped | Tension pneumothorax without cardiac arrest: (Cat B) page 123, January 2016 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Added Diltiazem Medication added | Cardizem: (Cat B) 10 mg slow IV Push. 5-10 mg/hr drip. Titrate pulse 60-100 and BP >100 mmHg.page 46, January 2018 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Added Ipratropium Medication added | Paramedic: Albuterol/Ipratropium 3.0 mg/0.5 mg nebulized or 1-2 puffs from an inhalerpage 75, January 2018 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Stopped naming Meconium / deep tracheal suctioning Procedure dropped | If meconium stain present at birth, suction the neonate’s mouth, then nose until clear (consider intubation to allow deep suctioning).page 97, January 2016 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Stopped naming Nasogastric / orogastric tube Procedure dropped | 10. Consider nasogastric tube placement.page 128, January 2016 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Added Nitroglycerin Medication added | Nitroglycerin: 0.4 mg if SBP>90, may repeat twice at 5 minute intervals for a total of 3 doses.page 50, January 2018 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Stopped naming Physical restraint Procedure dropped | PROCEDURE Adult: Patient Restraint (Cat B) Pediatric: Patient Restraint (Cat B)page 136, January 2016 edition |
| January 2016 → January 2018 | Added Racemic Epinephrine Medication added | Racemic Epinephrine: 0.5 ml of 2.25% diluted in 3 ml of NS via nebulizer. Pediatric: 0.5 ml of 2.25% diluted in 3 ml of NS via nebulizer.page 75, January 2018 edition |
Alabama Department of Public Health Office of Emergency Medical Services
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Added Central venous access / existing central line use Procedure added | If the patient in cardiac arrest has a venous port or other central venous access devices, the EMSP may use it.page 32, April 2022 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Stopped naming External jugular IV Procedure dropped | May use intraosseous (IO), external jugular (EJ), or preexisting venous catheter where threat to life exists and no obvious peripheral site is available.page 52, March 2019 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Stopped naming Hemostatic dressing / wound packing Procedure dropped | If unable to utilize tourniquet, consider hemostatic dressing.page 106, March 2019 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Added Manual defibrillation Procedure added | Delivery of electrical therapy to patients including manual defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion.page 11, April 2022 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Added Obstetric delivery maneuvers Procedure added | 21. Assistance with emergency childbirth, NOT including any surgical procedures.page 9, April 2022 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Stopped naming Pelvic binder Procedure dropped | Consider placement of a pelvic binder if pelvic fracture is suspected.page 106, March 2019 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Stopped naming Plasma Medication dropped | Continue resuscitation with crystalloid solution and transfuse 2 units Type "O" Negative Packed Red Blood Cells along with 2 units Type AB Fresh Frozen Plasma via large bore IV or IO.page 49, March 2019 edition |
| March 2019 → April 2022 | Added Spinal motion restriction / selective clearance Procedure added | 17. Spinal Motion Restriction and Spinal Precautions.page 9, April 2022 edition |
Nebraska Board of Emergency Medical Services
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| January 2020 → October 2020 | Stopped naming Pelvic binder Procedure dropped | Consider pelvic splint for pelvic injuriespage 68, January 2020 edition |
| October 2020 → August 2021 | Added Albuterol-Ipratropium Medication added | Consider 0.5 – 2.5 mg per 3 ml (0.5 mg ipratropium bromide/3 mg albuterol sulfate) nebulizer DuoNebpage 23, August 2021 edition |
| October 2020 → August 2021 | Added Central venous access / existing central line use Procedure added | Maintain and monitor only central and PICC line running crystalloid solutions on a pump only with appropriate training on the operation of the IV pump and must be able to treat an anaphylactic reaction. Maintain and monitor only central and PICC line running ppage 153, August 2021 edition |
| September 2022 → May 2024 | Added Chest tube / finger thoracostomy Procedure added | Finger Thoracostomy only approved for Paramedic level if the following criteria are met: ... Tube Thoracostomy only approved for Paramedic level if the following criteria are met:page 144, May 2024 edition |
Greater Miami Valley EMS Council
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| August 2025 → July 2026 | Added Chest tube / finger thoracostomy Procedure added | {With defined and specific indications, paramedics who have received appropriate training and Medical Director’s approval may perform a finger thoracostomy in accordance to their specific protocols}page 27, July 2026 edition |
Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| July 2025 → July 2026 | Added Metoprolol Medication added | Metoprolol 5 mg IV/IO over 2 minutes (if diltiazem is unavailable) (e, f)page 60, July 2026 edition |
Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| June 2025 → June 2026 | Added Oxytocin Medication added | If available, administer oxytocin 10 un IM. If IV is already in place administer IV, but do not delay initial dose to obtain IV access. If available, oxytocin IV infusion, 20 units mixed in 1 liter of IV normal saline and administered as a wide-open bolus.page 31, June 2026 edition |
Region X EMS
| Between editions | Change | What the page says |
|---|---|---|
| January 2021 → May 2026 | Stopped naming Physical restraint Procedure dropped | ALWAYS use least restrictive restraint possiblepage 113, January 2021 edition |
Why a row says “stopped naming” and never “stopped doing”
If a procedure is in the earlier edition and not the later one, all we know is that the later book does not name it. We do not know the agency stopped doing it. A protocol book guides care; it is not a list of everything a crew may do. The procedure may have moved to a separate policy, a state rule, a training bulletin or a medical director’s memo, and crews may still perform it every day.
So no row here says an agency stopped doing anything, and if you find one, it is a bug. A row appears only when both editions were read successfully. A book we could not read produces no rows, because an unread document would otherwise look like an agency that dropped everything.
What we deliberately do not publish
We can tell you that 5 authorization changes and 7 certification changes were detected between editions, and we will not draw them as a trend. They did not hold up: the readings pointed both ways in similar numbers, and none was solid enough to publish. Our reading of the books is reliable when comparing one region to another, but not when comparing one agency to its own past. Until that is fixed, a trend drawn from these would show the limits of our method, not a change in EMS.
The half that does hold — who decides, compared across regions at one moment — is on the authorization page.
How far this reaches
11 agencies have a published change here (AL, IL, MA, MD, MI, NE, OH, PA, VA), out of roughly 26,883 licensed EMS agencies nationally. This is not a national picture of how EMS is changing and cannot be read as one: an agency is here only if it publishes dated editions, keeps them readable, and published at least two we could hold side by side. What it is good for is showing that the changes are real, specific, and findable.
Who decides: authorization across regions · The protocol census · Methodology